Take the Genesis Quiz

Answer the following questions about the stories told in the Book of Genesis and see how well you know your Bible.

1.   All days of creation were based on a 24 hour day.

      True           False   

2. Adam and his wife were created in the Garden of Eden.

      True           False   

3. It never rained on the earth before the flood.

      True           False  

4.   Adam’s wife had two names, what are they?

    ___________________        ________________

5.   Prior to the flood of Noah, there are only four women mentioned by name, who are they?

      ________      __________        _________        _________

6.   Man existed for 1656 years on the earth before the flood of Noah. Of the 9 men mentioned in the line of Line of Noah, which one(s) would Noah not have ever had the opportunity to meet face to face?

      Adam         Seth       Enosh    Kenan    Ma-hal’alel     Jared      Enoch      Methu’salah    Lamech

7.   Most people know that Job was from the land of Uz (Job 1:1). Who was Uz?

      __________________________

8.   How many sons did Abraham have? (circle the correct answer)

      1                2                      4                      6                      8         

9.    How old were Esau and Jacob when Abraham died?        _______

 10.     Isaac mistakenly gave Jacob his brothers blessing and inheritance while on his death bed because Jacob and his mother dressed Jacob to feel and smell like Esau to deceive Isaac.

      True           False   

Genesis Quiz Answers

Below are the answers to the Genesis Quiz. See how well you did.

1.   All 6 days of creation were based on a 24 hour day.

      True           False 

Genesis 1:14-19 ¹⁴And God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons and days and years, ¹⁵and let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth.” And it was so. ¹⁶God made two great lights—the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. ¹⁷God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, ¹⁸to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. ¹⁹And there was evening, and there was morning—the fourth day. NIV

Our 24 hour day is based on the Earth’s rotation around the sun. Since the sun and the moon were not created until the fourth day, (according to these versus in Genesis) the first three days must have been based on some other measurement of time and therefore not literal 24 hour days. In the Hebrew tradition, the term “Yowm”which is translated as “Day” in English, has several meanings

     1. day, time, year

           a. day (as opposed to night)

           b. day (24 hour period)

                 1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1

                2) as a division of time

                      a) a working day, a day’s journey

                     b) days, lifetime (pl.)

                    c) time, period (general)

                   d) year

                    f) temporal references

                        (1) today

                       (2) yesterday

                       (3) tomorrow.             

Our traditional view of these events leans towards a 24 hour day because they are framed with “And there was evening, and there was morning—the fourth day.” However, there is much debate between apologists, some who take the long “old earth,” view of creation and others who take the short, “young earth” view of creation as to the intent of the terms “evening” and “morning” in the Hebrew tradition. Some argue that in Hebrew they can be used equally to mean “there was a beginning and ending, the fourth day. We will not debate that here in this article.

2. Adam and his wife were created in the Garden of Eden.

      True           False  

Genesis 2:7-8 ⁷The LORD God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being. ⁸Now the LORD God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden; and there he put the man he had formed.

Genesis 2:15 The LORD God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.

These passages indicate that Adam was created outside the garden and then placed in the garden later. How much later is unknown.

 3. It never rained on the earth before the flood.

      True           False 

Genesis 2:4-6 ⁴This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created. When the LORD God made the earth and the heavens- ⁵and no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth and no plant of the field had yet sprung up, for the LORD God had not sent rain on the earth and there was no man to work the ground, ⁶but streams came up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground. NIV

It seems that the term “not yet” is the operative term here and when we look carefully at this passage, it is clearly a description of the earth before there were plants or animals of ANY kind on the earth. I believe it is therefore unreasonable to assume that once God made the ground produce plants, He would have caused rain to fall ( the typical water cycle we know today) to water them. This is also consistent with what earth sciences tells us about the order in which the earth became the place we now inhabit, but it is not reasonable to assume that it never rained before the flood of Noah as many preachers teach today.

4.   Adam’s wife had two names, what are they?

      ______Woman____ and ________Eve___

Genesis 2:23 Then man said, “This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called ‘woman’, for she was taken out of man.”

Genesis 3:20 Adam named his wife Eve, because she would become the mother of all the living. (this happened after they were expelled from the garden.)

5.   Prior to the flood of Noah, there are only four women mentioned by name, who are they?

      ___Eve_____Adah_______Zillah____Naamah__

Genesis 3:20 Eve

Genesis 4:23 Lamech said to his wives, “Adah and Zillah, listen to me; wives of Lamech, hear my words. I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for injuring me. NIV

Genesis 4:22 Zillah also had a son, Tubal-Cain, who forged all kinds of tools out of bronze and iron. Tubal-Cain’s sister was Naamah. NIV

6.   Man existed for 1656 years on the earth before the flood of Noah. Of all those mentioned in the line of Line of Noah, which one(s) would Noah not have ever had the opportunity to meet face to face?

      Adam, Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Ma-hal’alel, Jared, Enoch, Methu’salah, Lamech

Doing the math we can see that Adam died 126 years before Noah was born, Seth died 14 years before Noah was born, and Enoch was taken 69 years before Noah was born. Noah would have had the opportunity to meet all the others although there is no direct evidence that he did.

7.   Most people know that Job was from the land of Uz, (Job 1:1) Who was Uz?

      Uz was the son of Aram.

Genesis 10:22-23 ²²The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud and Aram.  ^₂₃The sons of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether and Mash. NIV

8.   How many sons did Abraham have?

      1                2                      4                      6                      8         

Genesis 16:15 So Hagar bore Abram a son, and Abram gave the name Ishmael to the son she had borne. NIV

Genesis 21:2-3 ²Sarah became pregnant and bore a son to Abraham in his old age, at the very time God had promised him. ³Abraham gave the name Isaac to the son Sarah bore him. NIV

Genesis 25:1-4 ¹Abraham took another wife, whose name was Keturah. ²She bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak and Shuah. ³Jokshan was the father of Sheba and Dedan; the descendants of Dedan were the Asshurites, the Letushites and the Leummites. ⁴The sons of Midian were Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abida and Eldaah. All these were descendants of Keturah. NIV

9. How old were Esau and Jacob when Abraham died?        ____15__

Abraham was 100 when Isaac was born (Genesis 21:5). Isaac was 60 when Esau and Jacob were born (Gen 25:26) Abraham was 175 when he died (Gen 25:7), therefore Esau and Jacob were 15 when Abraham died.

10. Isaac mistakenly gave Jacob his brother’s blessing and inheritance while on his death bed because Jacob and his mother dressed Jacob to feel and smell like Esau to deceive Isaac.

      True           False  

Isaac lived to be 180 years old (Gen 35:28.) Although we do not know exactly how old the twin brothers were when this event took place, but we do know that, right before this evnt (Biblically speaking) the Bibles tells us (Gen 34) that Esau was 40 years old (as was Jacob obviously) and had married a Hittite women named Judith, (Hiities were descendants of Heth, the son of Canaana). We know that Jacob lived in Syria with Laban for 20 years (Gen 31:38). This would have made his about 60 when he returned to Canaan.

We also know that Jacob was 130 when he went into Egypt (Isaac was already deceased for about 10 years at that time) (Gen 47:9) and that he was 147 when he died (Gen 47:28). Do the math and we can see that Isaac died only 27 years before Jacob. Isaac was probably just middle aged, around 90 to 100 years old at the time he gave Jacob his blessing and was still alive at the time Jacob retuned to Canaan to assume his inheritance. Isaac had obviously lost his eye sight many years before he died.

So, how did you do? Have questions or coments, write to me at helsleyk@juno.com.

The Tower of Babel and Confusion of Tongues

Exactly how long after the Biblical Flood of Noah took place the Biblical story of the Tower of Babel incident occurred we have no way of knowing, and since none of the four patriarchs who survived the flood or their direct descendants as listed in the Table of Nations are mentioned in this story by name, it makes it impossible to date this event with any certainty. But at some point between the flood and the story of Abraham, we have the story of the people coming together to build a city and a tower and rebelling against God’s command to spread and occupy the whole earth.

Genesis 11:1-9 ¹Now the whole earth had one language and one speech. ²And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and they dwelt there. ³Then they said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They had brick for stone, and they had asphalt for mortar. ⁴And they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower whose top is in the heavens; let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth.” ⁵But the LORD came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of men had built. ⁶And the LORD said, “Indeed the people are one and they all have one language, and this is what they begin to do; now nothing that they propose to do will be withheld from them. ⁷Come, let Us go down and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.” ⁸So the LORD scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they ceased building the city. ⁹Therefore its name is called Babel, because there the LORD confused the language of all the earth; and from there the LORD scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth. (NKJV)

The story of the Tower of Babel and God’s confusion of tongues is one of the most controversial stories in the Bible. Before we get into the confusion of tongues, let’s look at what the scripture has to say about the building of the tower.

First, this passage contains and very strange statement:

Genesis 11: 5-7 ⁵But the LORD came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of men had built. ⁶And the LORD said, “Indeed the people are one and they all have one language, and this is what they begin to do; now nothing that they propose to do will be withheld from them. ⁷Come, let Us go down and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.”

 

To read the full text of this article, go to http://thewitnesschronicles.com/Tower_of_Bable.htm.

 

To read all of my articles on Genesis, visit http://thewitnesschronicles.com/.

 

Shem, Ham, and Japheth After the Flood

What became of the sons of Noah after the flood is somewhat of a mystery, however, the Table of Nations listed in the 11th chapter of Genesis gives us a general idea of what happened to their descendants and in which direction they each spread. I have written four separate essays, one general and one on each son, which details much of the research that has been done to trace the Table of Nations as it appears in Genesis. The essays are too lengthy to include in this blog format, so I have included the links to them below.

It is widely believed however, that much of the Mythologies coming out of just about every ancient culture in the world relating to major and minor gods, can be traced back to Noah, his sons, or their wives and children. The second book in my, The Witness Chronicles fiction series, Table of Nations, also follows the dispersion of the children of Noah and relies heavily on the work of such world renowned researchers as George Rawlinson and Arthur C. Custance to trace the dispersal of Noah’s sons. To read my essays on each of the sons of Noah, please click on the below links:

Table of Nations General         http://thewitnesschronicles.com/Table_of_Nations.htm

Shem                                        http://thewitnesschronicles.com/Sons_of_Shem.htm

Japheth                                    http://thewitnesschronicles.com/Sons_of_Japheth.htm

Ham                                         http://thewitnesschronicles.com/Sons_of_Ham.htm

To read more of my essays on Genesis, or to learn more about my fiction books based on the stories inn Genesis, please visit my website at http://thewiitnesschronicles.com.

Migration to Shinar

Genesis 11:2 ²And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east that they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and they dwelt there.

The Bible states, in this passage that almost immediately after Noah had sent his sons away that they came to a plain in the land of Shinar. This is how we know that the sons did not disburse before this time. They all came to this place and they dwelled there together. What happened next I will deal with in my essays on The Tower of Babel and Confusion of Tongues, but we know from this passage that they all came together and dwelled together in Shinar for some period of time. Exactly how long it was before the Tower incident we cannot say, but it was probably no more than a couple of hundred years, as archeologists can detect the ages of artifacts such as the Gilgamesh tablets and other ancient Sumerian and Akkadian writings and artifacts and know that by around 2600 B.C. the legend of Gilgamesh, who is thought to be Nimrod of the Bible, was already well established and told throughout the land. If the actual events that led up to these tales took place around 3300 B.C. as shown in Chart 1 of this essay, then there was probably no more than 150 to 300 years from the flood to the confusion of languages. Another clue to the early dates is that Egypt was known to be in the very early stages of the first dynasty of Menes by around 2800 B.C. and they already had a well establish culture and language of their own by this time…

For the full text of this essay, vist http://thewitnesschronicles.com/Migration_to_Shinar.htm.

 This essay contains several charts showing the timelines and ages of the Patriarchs from Adam to Jacob using three different timeline models.

To view all of my articles on Genesis, visit http://thewitnesschronicles.com/

 

After the Flood of Noah

Geologists from around the world all agree that the Earth has been changed and altered in innumerable and inconceivable ways throughout its history. Regardless if they are secular or Christian, Apocalyptic or Uniformitarian, there is no dispute over the fact that the Earth’s topography has been shaped and reshaped on several occasions. Scientist who speak of how the earth has changed over eons of time, believe that these changes have been caused by a number of major super volcanic events and asteroid or commit impacts, as well as slow repositioning of the land masses and the tectonic plates move that has caused the Earth to change. I am more inclined to believe in one major event caused by a single major event as described in my essay titled, The Flood of Noah. I am also inclined to believe that God’s methods and time table for the initial creation process was may well have been billions of years long or even very short due to the compression of time caused by folding dimensions during the initial expansion of the universe, either way is not really important to me. See my essay titled Old Earth vs. Young Earth for more info on that.

 

To read to read the full text of this article, visit http://thewitnesschronicles.com/After_the_Flood.htm

If you would like to read more of my essays on Genesis or learn more about my fiction books based on the stories in Genesis, visit my website at http://thewitnesschronicles.com.

What Caused the Flood of Noah?

This is indeed the million dollar question. The simple theological answer is obviously, God caused the flood to happen. That is a given since God is in complete control of all aspects of the universe. However, from a more practical and mechanical sense, we still want to know how it happened. There are so many theories, educated guesses, and outright fictions, that it is confusing for even those of us who study the topic intently to know what is true, if any of them at all are. Some say that the Flood was a regional event caused by the ending of the ice age that resulted in the Mediterranean Sea breaking through the land barrier currently known as the Bosporus Straits; flooding a low lying area that now lies under the Black Sea.

Others believe it was a global event caused by God releasing all the waters from the sky and pouring down onto the land. This idea however, has been mostly abandoned by even Creation Scientist. Many have calculated how much water would have had to have been in the “Vapor Canopy” as it is called, and found that in order for it to hold enough water to flood the Earth, it would have been so dense that temperatures on the Earth would have been to hot to sustain human life.

To read the full text of this article, visit http://thewitnesschronicles.com/The_Flood.htm

If you would like to read more of my essays on Genesis or want to learn more about my fiction books based on the stories in Genesis, visit my website at http://thewitnesschronicles.com.

The Ark of Noah

There is no more controversial topic than the story of Noah’s Ark and a world wide deluge that destroyed all of mankind and animal kind except that which was aboard the ark. The Biblical story is very sparse, yet it tells us in very specific details about the size of the ark and the type of animals that should be taken aboard it.

Genesis 6:13-22 ¹³And God said to Noah, “The end of all flesh has come before Me, for the Earth is filled with violence through them; and behold, I will destroy them with the Earth. ¹⁴Make yourself an ark of gopher wood; make rooms in the ark, and cover it inside and outside with pitch. ¹⁵And this is how you shall make it: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, its width fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits. ¹⁶You shall make a window for the ark, and you shall finish it to a cubit from above; and set the door of the ark in its side. You shall make it with lower, second, and third decks. ¹⁷And behold, I Myself am bringing floodwaters on the Earth, to destroy from under heaven all flesh in which is the breath of life; everything that is on the Earth shall die. ¹⁸But I will establish My covenant with you; and you shall go into the ark — you, your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives with you. ¹⁹And of every living thing of all flesh you shall bring two of every sort into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female. ²⁰Of the birds after their kind, of animals after their kind, and of every creeping thing of the Earth after its kind, two of every kind will come to you to keep them alive. ²¹And you shall take for yourself of all food that is eaten, and you shall gather it to yourself; and it shall be food for you and for them.” ²²Thus Noah did; according to all that God commanded him, so he did. (NKJ)

To read the full text of  this article, visit http://thewitnesschronicles.com/The_Ark.htm

If you would like to read more of my essays on Genesis or want to learn more about my fiction books based on the stories in Genesis, please visit my website at http://thewitnesschronicles.com.

The Sons of Noah

Of the sons of Noah who entered into the ark with him and his wife, we know almost nothing directly. Of Shem we know the most, because it was through his line that Abraham came and therefore we have more details of his genealogy. We do know that Shem was 100 when his son Arphaxad was born, just two years after the flood. Arphaxad is believed to be the first born after the flood but some scholars believe that ham’s son Canaan may have actually been the first born. We have no empirical evidence one way or the other. All we know is what Genesis tells us, which is precious little.

Genesis 11:10 This is the genealogy of Shem: Shem was one hundred years old, and begot Arphaxad two years after the flood. (NKJ)

 

To read the full text of this article, visit http://thewitnesschronicles.com/Sons_of_Noah.htm

If you would like to read more of my essays on Genesis or want to learn more about my fiction series, The Witness Chronicles, based on the stories in Genesis, visit my website at http://thewitnesschronicles.com.

The Biblical Noah

The Bible makes it perfectly clear that at some point in Human history, 1656 years after the creation of Adam, to be precise if the genealogies passed down to us are accurate, God had had enough with man and the evil that prevailed in the world and decided that He had to begin anew. Whether it was because of the sin of the Watchers or the just plain sinful nature of man, the civilizations that grew up from the offspring of Adam and from the Sons of God, had become so evil and destructive, that they needed to be extinguished and a new line of inheritance established. That line, the Bible tells us, was the line of Noah.

Genesis 6:5-8 ⁵Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the Earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. ⁶And the LORD was sorry that He had made man on the Earth, and He was grieved in His heart. ⁷So the LORD said, “I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the Earth, both man and beast, creeping things and birds of the air, for I am sorry that I have made them.” ⁸But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD. (NKJ)

So what was so special about Noah? Why did he find Grace in the eyes of the Lord. Well, we have a small clue to unraveling this mystery in the previous verses in Chapter 5 with the Genealogy of Seth.

To read the full text of  this article, visit http://thewitnesschronicles.com/Noah.htm

If you would like to read more of my essays on Genesis or want to learn more of my fiction series, The Witness Chronicles, visit my website at http://thewitnesschronicles.com.

Enoch was Taken to Be With God But He did Not Die

Genesis 5:21-24 ²¹When Enoch was 65 years old, his son Methu’selah was born. ²²After the birth of Methu’selah, Enoch lived another 300 years in close fellowship with God, and he had other sons and daughters. ²³Enoch lived 365 years in all. ²⁴He enjoyed a close relationship with God throughout his life. Then suddenly, he disappeared because God took him. (NLT)

Aside from the passages regarding the sons of God, this small, almost foot note, in the genealogy of Noah, is arguably the most referenced verse in all Biblical mythology. Outside of the book of Genesis, Enoch is mentioned in only four other places in the Bible, but in only two of those places is it other than in a genealogy; 1 Chronicles 1:1-4, Luke 3:37, Hebrews 11:5, Jude: 1:14-15. Here are the two passages aside from the genealogies.

Hebrews 11:5 It was by faith that Enoch was taken up to heaven without dying — “suddenly he disappeared because God took him.” But before he was taken up, he was approved as pleasing to God. (NLT)

Jude: 1:14-15 ¹⁴Now Enoch , the seventh from Adam, prophesied about these men also, saying, “Behold, the Lord comes with ten thousands of His saints, ¹⁵to execute judgment on all, to convict all who are ungodly among them of all their ungodly deeds which they have committed in an ungodly way, and of all the harsh things which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him.” (NKJV).

These passages, once again tell us that the early Christians: those who were Jews before they called themselves Christian, had a basis of belief that included the stories and mythologies of Enoch and the events leading to him being taken by God in his 365^th year without first having died. The question still remains however, what was so special about Enoch? Well once again, to try to understand this, we must look to some non-Biblical sources and into the mythology surrounding the story of Enoch to get a sense of what the Jews believed about this man and his transfiguration. In fact the passage above, taken from Jude, is in itself a quote from the book of Enoch:

Book of Enoch, Chapter 2:1 Behold, he comes with ten thousands of his saints, to execute judgment upon them, and destroy the wicked, and reprove all the carnal for everything which the sinful and ungodly have done, and committed against him. (Translated from Ethiopic by Richard Laurence, London, 1883.)

It seems that Enoch was more than just a man of great faith however. Enoch was a writer.

The Book of Enoch Chapter 12  ¹Before all these things Enoch was concealed; nor did any one of the sons of men know where he was concealed, where he had been, and what had happened. ²He was wholly engaged with the holy ones, and with the Watchers in his days. ³I, Enoch, was blessing the great Lord and King of peace. ⁴And behold the Watchers called me Enoch the scribe. ⁵Then the Lord said to me: Enoch, scribe of righteousness, go tell the Watchers of heaven, who have deserted the lofty sky, and their holy everlasting station, who have been polluted with women. ⁶And have done as the sons of men do, by taking to themselves wives, and who have been greatly corrupted on the Earth; ⁷That on the Earth they shall never obtain peace and remission of sin. For they shall not rejoice in their offspring; they shall behold the slaughter of their beloved; shall lament for the destruction of their sons; and shall petition forever; but shall not obtain mercy and peace.

The Book of Enoch Chapter 13 ¹Then Enoch, passing on, said to Azazyel: You shalt not obtain peace. A great sentence is gone forth against you. He shall bind you; ²Neither shall relief, mercy, and supplication be yours, on account of the oppression which you have taught; ³And on account of every act of blasphemy, tyranny, and sin, which you have discovered to the children of men. ⁴Then departing from him I spoke to them all together; ⁵And they all became terrified, and trembled; ⁶Beseeching me to write for them a memorial of supplication, that they might obtain forgiveness; and that I might make the memorial of their prayer ascend up before the God of heaven; because they could not themselves thenceforwards address him, nor raise up their eyes to heaven on account of the disgraceful offence for which they were judged. ⁷Then I wrote a memorial of their prayer and supplications, for their spirits, for everything which they had done, and for the subject of their entreaty, that they might obtain remission and rest.”

Enoch, according to legend, was the Watcher of the Watchers. He was given great visions of the hidden happenings between Heaven and Earth, and he wrote great accusations before the Lord of the sinful deeds of the heavenly Watchers. Upon learning that God was listening to Enoch’s accusations, the Watchers themselves asked Enoch to go before the Lord and ask forgiveness on their behalf. It appears that he was not taken to heaven just for his faith alone, but to accomplish a specific task. Without quoting the entire book of Enoch, let me just paraphrase the story for you. According to the mythology, Enoch was taken to heaven as the “Scribe of the Lord” to record all the deeds and men and angels. The books of the deeds that Enoch scribes even today, will be opened and read by the Lord on the great Day of Judgment.

Enoch is reported to be the inventor of writing. He saw the blasphemous deeds of the Watchers who had taken these daughters of men as wives. He saw how they taught sorceries to their wives and he saw the corrupted and evil Nephilim that were their descendants and he wrote accusations to the Lord about their evil deeds. God saw this as a just and right thing that he was doing and took him to heaven to become the Watcher of the Watchers and of the deeds of men as well. Enoch, it seems, has a very special place in God’s plan. According to the mythology, we will all see him on the final Day of Judgment as he opens and reads our deeds before God, unless of course you have been redeemed and had the slate wiped clean by the Blood of Christ, according to our Christian faith.

I am not claiming that the Book of Enoch is Holy Gospel Truth, but it is a good story, and it seems to fit quite well with other Biblical text about the existence and relationships between men and angles. In fact Jude correlates one more thing taught in Enoch, and that is that these Watchers who sinned were bound and placed in a holding place to await their judgment.

Jude 6 And the angels who did not keep their proper domain, but left their own abode, He has reserved in everlasting chains under darkness for the judgment of the great day; (NKJ)

To read more of my essays on Genesis or to learn more about my fiction series, The Witness Chronicles, based on the books in Genesis, visit my website at http://thewitnesschronicles.com.